NDLE Board Nutritional Biochemistry and Clinical Dietetics Exam 1 Practice

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• What is the primary advantage of flushing a feeding tube with water before and after feeding?
• In Gomez classification, which anthropometric measurement is used to assess nutritional status?
• A malabsorption problem that results due to a shorter and lesser number of intestinal villi is called:
• Which of the following is not a diagnostic criterion for metabolic syndrome?
• Which reaction involves the removal of electrons from a molecule?
• What is the child's percent weight-for-age?
• Which vitamin is most directly involved in protecting biomolecules from oxidation?
• Based on the case, what is the approximate percentage weight loss from 14 kg to 12.9 kg over a month?
• Which carbohydrate must be further digested before it can be absorbed into the blood?
• Using Narins & Weil formula, what does TER stand for?
• Brown fat differs from white fat in that it contains more of which cellular component?
• Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of which three amino acids?
• What is the mEq in 1500 mg sodium?
• Which hormone produced in the stomach stimulates the release of HCl and pepsin?
• Which vitamins are important in DNA synthesis and cell division?
• An elderly man presents with large spots of bleeding on the skin, perifollicular hemorrhages, and receding gums. Which oral supplement is most appropriate?
• Which hormone controls the sodium output of the kidney?
• What is the caloric content of a 1800 ml formula with a 2:1 dilution?
• Which organ weighs approximately 1,500 grams and is the body's largest gland?
• The vitamin synthesized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract?
• Which organelle is the major site of energy production in the cell?
• Hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils contain which type of fatty acids?
• An adult consuming 1,800 kcal daily would require how many milliliters of water per day according to the recommendation of 1 ml per kcal?
• In adults who are overweight (BMI 25 kg/m2) and have one or more risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which test is NOT typically used for screening?
• Intermediates of the Citric Acid Cycle are replenished by the reaction converting pyruvate to which compound?
• Which dietary adjustment is commonly recommended to improve LDL cholesterol when weight is normal?
• Which food source is commonly used as a reference protein due to balanced amino acid composition?
• B-vitamins important in cell division.
• Disaccharides are digested in the
• Maple syrup urine disease results from a defect in the metabolism of which amino acids?
• Which dialysis modality is associated with minimal protein loss?
• A 50-year-old female with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 weighs 55 kg and is 5'6" tall. Using the BMI method, what is her Desirable Body Weight (DBW)?
• Which factor does not significantly affect basal metabolic rate?
• Which amino acid is NOT a direct precursor for glutathione synthesis?
• A child’s weight decreased from 14 kg to 12.9 kg. What is the absolute weight loss in kilograms?
• Which food is not typically included in a gluten-free diet?
• Which foods are considered neutral foods in both alkaline-ash and acid-ash diets?
• Unintentional weight loss of more than 10% in 6 months is considered which level of malnutrition?
• The quality of a protein depends mainly on which factor:
• Which organ is not primarily an excretion organ?
• Using the Harris-Benedict Equation, what is the patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
• A body mass index of 25 kg/m2 is used to classify an individual as which weight category?
• A reduced blood albumin level is most commonly associated with which clinical sign?
• Which statement about vitamin B12 is accurate?
• Based on a DBW of 62 kg and a current weight of 55 kg, what is the percent standard weight interpretation?
• Dark green leafy vegetables are good sources of iron and calcium, specifically.
• What is the primary purpose of nutrition screening in pediatric care?
• The sodium output of the kidney is controlled by which hormone?
• These are common rich sources of trans fat except:
• Which type of formula delivery is administered slowly and in a constant amount over a period (such as 8 hours or 24 hours)?
• Which anatomical feature is most affected in non-tropical sprue, leading to malabsorption?
• All are functions of water except:
• Multivitamin supplementation is appropriate when?
• Which statement best describes most vitamins?
• Which statement accurately describes urea in nitrogen metabolism?
• The only water-soluble vitamin with antioxidant function acting as a reducing agent or electron donor?
• For cholesterol level 240 mg/dL, which is initial therapy?
• The blenderized formula described has a caloric density of:
• The degree to which an ingested nutrient gets absorbed and is made available to the body is called what?
• Which of the following is not an organ of excretion?
• The major site of enzymatic digestion of food and nutrient absorption is which structure?
• The fat stored around the organs is known as _____.
• The preferred mode of feeding if the patient is on NPO for more than 5 days is:
• The approximate normal diastolic blood pressure for a healthy adult is:
• Which is the primary site of absorption for minerals such as calcium and iron?
• Amino acids may be classified according to all of the following except:
• The blenderized formula described contains what percent protein?
• Dr. Juan ordered an additional 500 mg sodium in the diet of Maria Cruz. How much salt will be added to her food?
• Two B vitamins involved in hematopoiesis are:
• Which is a complete plant protein source?
• Among macronutrients needed by humans, which is considered the most important?
• The most variable component of energy expenditure is which?
• Incomplete proteins or low-quality proteins are derived from the following plant foods except:
• Histone is a type of:
• Using the NPC method, the patient's protein requirement is expressed as which of the following?
• Parenteral nutrition is characterized by which?
• The science that deals with the functions of living organisms or their parts is
• Which method of assessing protein quality measures how much nitrogen is retained in the body for growth and maintenance?
• Using Asia-Pacific BMI classification, what is this patient's BMI category?
• The major intracellular cation is which element?
• The molecule most directly linked to initiation of atherosclerotic plaques is which?
• Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
• A formula approximating the osmolality of blood serum is referred to as
• The form of vitamin A that can function as an antioxidant is:
• Which part of the Nutrition Care Process determines the extent to which intervention goals are met?
• Which cell structure removes and recycles waste products?
• Which term is not synonymous with the Krebs cycle?
• Narins & Weil formula is used to estimate what in pediatric nutrition?
• Which trace element functions in glutathione peroxidase?
• Due to its many roles in amino acid metabolism, its dietary needs are proportional to protein intake:
• Tube feedings may be administered by which of the following methods?
• Which cell structure processes and packages proteins?
• In clinical nutrition, which route is used when the GI tract is functional but the patient cannot take adequate oral nutrition?
• Which molecule acts as a precursor to both proline and glutamine?
• Dark green leafy vegetables are good sources of:
• Which of the following is NOT a likely cause of esophagitis?
• When weight cannot be measured in a non-ambulatory patient, which of the following measurements is not used to estimate body weight?
• Under the influence of aldosterone, which electrolyte balance change occurs in the kidney?
• Which amino acid is a precursor for taurine production in the retina?
• Which process is stimulated by insulin in skeletal muscle but not in the liver?
• Which combination of vitamins is listed as enhancing calcium absorption?
• The protein content of a 2000 ml blenderized formula with a caloric density of 1 kcal/ml and 15% protein is:
• A 2.5 mEq sodium supplement contains how many milligrams of sodium?
• Which of the following is a dietary fiber not digestible by enzymes?
• Which group comprises the principal organs in metabolism?
• Convert a height of 5 feet 6 inches to meters.
• A 2,000 kcal diet providing 30% of calories from fat would contain how many grams of fat?
• Which statement best describes the effect of insoluble dietary fibers such as cellulose and lignin on serum cholesterol?
• The movement of water among the different body compartments is strongly affected by this mineral:
• Which of the following is not an organ of the gastrointestinal tract?
• The process of fatty acid oxidation which occurs in the mitochondria is:
• Post-kidney transplant protein needs are in which range?
• Which B vitamin functions as a coenzyme in the breakdown of fat for energy production?
• The preferred mode of feeding a malnourished child.
• Which statement best describes visceral fat?
• Which of the following is an organ of the gastrointestinal tract?
• Disaccharides are digested in the small intestine's what?
• Which pharmacologic agent should be considered for diabetes prevention?
• Maple syrup urine disease results from a defect in which enzymatic complex?
• Conditional indispensable amino acids become indispensable under EXCEPT which?
• Which method estimates energy expenditure by measuring respiratory gas exchange?
• Two fat-soluble vitamins which do not need protein carriers.
• For the same child, what is the percent weight loss and its interpretation?
• Constituents of food which enhance calcium absorption are:
• The macromolecule that will produce a positive reaction when a Biuret's test is used.
• Which term describes all the chemical changes by which the body converts nutrients into energy and biomass?
• The inactive form of an enzyme is known as a/an:
• This body fluid bathes all cells and provides the medium for nutrients to pass through
• Which statement about vitamin B12 is incorrect?
• The B vitamin that needs an intrinsic factor for absorption.
• What is the minimum potassium level in a potassium-restricted diet?
• Which glucose transporter is primarily responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle?
• A severely underweight teenager diagnosed as anorexia nervosa was referred for tube feeding. The total kilocalorie intake should be based on:
• Nutrients with a protein-sparing effect?
• The movement of water among body compartments is strongly affected by which mineral?
• The preferred preoperative diet for abdominal surgery is?
• Excess dietary protein is:
• What is the principal measured index of renal failure?
• Which of the following is NOT a criterion of metabolic syndrome?
• Which biochemical marker is commonly decreased in chronic liver disease and reflects hepatic synthetic function?
• Cholesterol and triglycerides absorbed by the small intestine are transported through the lymph system to the thoracic duct as which particle?
• The structure of amino acids that makes each amino acid unique and influences its functional role in the body is the
• It is used as a reference protein due to its well-balanced amino acid composition.
• This macromolecule's functions include insulation, waterproofing, and shock absorption.
• Which combination of macronutrients provides the protein-sparing effect when caloric intake is adequate?
• The amino group NH2, after oxidative deamination, is directed toward the synthesis of which class of compounds?
• Which list contains only neutral foods used in ash diet contexts?
• The ratio between the caloric content and the nutrient composition of a food is known as
• What is the possible limiting amino acid in vegetables?
• Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption and promotes potassium excretion in the distal nephron?
• Which vitamin acts as a reducing agent and has antioxidant properties among water-soluble vitamins?
• These nutrients are included in parenteral nutrition solutions except:
• Which lipoprotein particle primarily transports dietary triglycerides from the intestine after a meal?
• A 5-year-old child stands 98 cm tall and weighed 12.9 kg at consultation, with a previous weight of 14 kg. Using a Desirable Body Weight (DBW) approach for a child of this height, what is the DBW?
• Which dietary fiber component is non-carbohydrate?
• One glucose molecule yields how many pyruvate molecules in glycolysis?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for converting 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 to 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3?
• Which of the following is NOT a primary factor contributing to overweight and obesity?
• The molecule most directly linked to initiation of atherosclerotic plaques is which?
• Which one of the following statements about ascorbic acid is incorrect?
• The amino group removed during oxidative deamination is commonly used in the synthesis of which compounds?
• Ascorbic acid absorption is enhanced by the presence of divalent metal ions.
• Which is not a common clinical finding in liver disease?
• Which term describes the protein part of molecules that transport lipids through the bloodstream and lymph?
• Calculate the body mass index (BMI) for a person who weighs 55 kg and stands 1.68 meters tall.
• Which lipid is primarily implicated in atherosclerosis?
• Which condition is NOT a contraindication for the use of tube feeding?
• The form of vitamin A that is active in the eyes?
• About 85% of water is absorbed in the:
• If two glucose molecules are metabolized through glycolysis, how many pyruvate molecules are produced?
• The foods limited in an alkaline-ash diet include cereals, meat and fish, and eggs.
• It is an example of a phospholipid.
• Which term describes the covalent bond formed between two cysteine residues in a protein?
• Where are chylomicrons formed?
• Protein content per liter of the blenderized formula (caloric density 1 kcal/ml and 15% protein) is closest to:
• Which type of formula is NOT typically administered via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding?
• Lipoprotein with the highest protein content?
• Which of the following is NOT a recognized factor contributing to overweight and obesity?
• In adults, a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher classifies an individual as what?
• Which type of fatty acid is primarily found in hydrogenated vegetable oils and is associated with raising LDL cholesterol?
• In Gomez classification, what does the interpretation of the child’s percent weight-for-age indicate?
• Vitamin C interacts with this mineral by enhancing its intestinal absorption:
• Which of the following are complications associated with enteral feeding?
• It is the major storage form of fat in the body.
• The sum of processes by which living organisms utilize food for energy, growth and development, and maintenance is called
• The site of calcium, magnesium, iron, and chloride absorption is:
• Which organ weighs about 1,500 grams and is the body's largest gland?
• Which statement about blenderized formulas in PEG feeding is true?
• In a nitrogen-free diet, which are the main energy sources?
• Which essential amino acid cannot be synthesized from glucose?
• About 60-70% of body sodium is found in which compartment?
• Which cell structure is described as processing and packaging proteins?
• Which nonessential amino acid is used to produce taurine and is important in the retina due to its antioxidant abilities?
• Which substance contributes to impaired mucosal resistance in gastric ulcers?
• Which component of the Nutrition Care Process focuses on whether goals have been achieved?
• Gastrin is produced in which organ?
• Complexes of lipids and proteins responsible for transport and distribution of lipids in the lymph and blood are called
• Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in the cell?
• Convert a height of 5 feet 6 inches to centimeters.
• Water balance is maintained by which structures.
• Which enzyme has a zymogen?
• What is the total volume of a 2000-kcal formula with a 1.3:1 dilution?
• Enzymes that catalyze cleavage of bonds between carbon atoms and another atom by adding water are called?
• Which of the following is not a source of biological markers or biomarkers?
• The most reliable indicator of poor nutritional status is:
• Nutrients involved in night vision include:
• Which amino acid is the precursor of serotonin?
• Galactosemia is associated with deficiency of which enzyme?
• Which syndrome is characterized by impaired mental functions, neuromuscular disturbances, altered consciousness, and GI bleeding?
• What is the principal nitrogen excretion product of metabolism in humans?
• Gastrectomy decreases absorption of which nutrient?
• Which intervention is commonly used to manage difficult or infrequent bowel movements?
• Lecithin is an example of which class of lipids?
• The amino acid that can form a special covalent bond called a disulfide bond.
• Which organ is not listed among the principal metabolism organs?
• Absorption is the same as which process?
• A hormone used as a drug to decrease the rate of bone loss in osteoporosis?
• Which of the following is not a lifestyle risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
• Which carbohydrate source is typically allowed on a gluten-free diet?
• Involved in nerve impulse transmission except:
• This cell structure is involved in lipid synthesis.
• _____ fat is considered stored fat.
• Which amino acid is conditionally indispensable because it can be synthesized from methionine and serine?
• Which vitamin cannot be synthesized by the body from a provitamin?
• Which nutrient can be described as a carotenoid contributing to antioxidant activity?
• Which lifestyle factor is most closely associated with the development of overweight and obesity?
• An example of a totally incomplete protein is
• Which fatty acid is saturated?
• It identifies patients who are malnourished or at-risk of malnutrition.
• Lingual lipase is more active in infants than adults.
• Galactosemia is a genetic error of metabolism associated with deficiency of which enzyme?
• The most abundant protein in the human blood plasma is:
• Which biochemical marker is not typically used to evaluate or monitor liver disease?
• Which pairing correctly describes the effects of leptin and ghrelin on hunger?
• Voluntary self-starvation resulting in emaciation and usually occurring during adolescence or young adulthood describes which eating disorder?
• Net Protein Utilization is used to measure:
• Which complex carbohydrate is described as dietary fiber that is not digestible by digestive enzymes and is not an energy source?
• Parenteral nutrition involves giving nutrients via central and peripheral vein access.
• Which combination best represents the energy sources in a nitrogen-free diet?
• Which lipid predominantly accumulates in arterial walls in atherosclerosis?
• Which type of dietary fiber has no effect on serum cholesterol?
• Reduced blood albumin level results in which condition?
• Which fluid serves as the extracellular vehicle that surrounds tissue cells and enables nutrient exchange?
• Symptoms of ariboflavinosis.
• A derivative of methionine metabolism that, at high levels, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk is which compound?
• Which of the following is not a primary cause of peptic ulcers?
• Which nutrient is included in the group noted to be involved in night vision along with zinc and iron?
• Which statement is NOT a typical finding associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• Which molecule, essential for the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria, is synthesized from lysine?
• In vegetable protein sources, the essential amino acid most likely deficient is:
• The precursor of proline and glutamine, two conditionally indispensable amino acids:
• Which hormone regulates sodium reabsorption in the kidney?
• Increasing fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a lower risk of which cancers?
• Carnitine, needed for transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation, is synthesized from which amino acid?
• A body weight of 89% of usual is considered which nutritional status?
• In Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3, which nutrient is commonly restricted in the diet?
• Which mineral is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid volume?
• Which statement best describes triglycerides?
• The enzyme that helps in the digestion of fats and is more active in infants than adults
• In a weight loss program, what term describes a period when weight remains unchanged for an extended time?
• It is a saturated fatty acid:
• Absorption is identical to which process?
• The protein needs after kidney transplant are in what range in g/kg body weight?
• Which of the following is not an indication for parenteral nutrition?
• The conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate provides anaplerotic support to which metabolic cycle?
• The volume of formula that remains in the stomach from a previous feeding is called what?
• A weight loss of 6 months results in a 25% decrease in body weight; this severity is described as which?
• Carnitine synthesis requires which amino acid?
• Which statement is not a function of water?
• The site of most biochemical reactions in the cell is which structure?
• Percent usual body weight is calculated as:
• Which region of the GI tract absorbs about 85% of water?
• Which nutrient pair is essential for red blood cell formation?
• The non-carbohydrate component of dietary fiber is:
• The movement of water across the plasma membrane is affected by which factor?
• The transport form of fat in the body after digestion and absorption:
• An advantage of peritoneal dialysis is what?
• Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the human gastrointestinal tract?
• Which pharmacologic agent is commonly recommended to reduce the risk of developing diabetes in high-risk adults?
• These forms of vitamin A can be converted to retinal in the body except:
• If a patient has UBW 200 lbs and current weight 150 lbs, what is the percent weight loss?
• Which procedure creates a permanent opening into the stomach for a feeding tube, usually performed with endoscopic guidance?
• Which energy-providing component is commonly used in parenteral nutrition solutions?
• In the kidney, conversion of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 to 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 occurs under appropriate conditions. Which description matches this conversion?
• In enteral feeding, which term describes the volume of formula remaining in the stomach before the next feeding is administered?
• Which organelle is involved in lipid synthesis?
• What is the final pathway by which carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids are completely oxidized to carbon dioxide to release energy transferred to ATP?
• If a patient’s weight decreases from a starting UBW of 160 lb to 120 lb over six months, what is the percent weight loss?
• The average diastolic pressure for a normal adult is approximately:
• Energy expenditure can be measured by monitoring heat production through which method?
• Preformed sources of vitamin A except:
• The first vitamin that was discovered is:
• A deficiency of which vitamin shows signs similar to vitamin B12 deficiency?
• A cholesterol level of 240 mg/dL would require treatment with which of the following?
• The term for all chemical changes in the body such as synthesizing foods into complex elements and complex substances into simple ones in the production of energy is
• Among the pediatric population, foods that cause allergic reactions are:
• The glucose transporter regulated by the action of insulin is: